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April is Cancer Control Month. One of the cancers that we can do more than control is colorectal cancer. It can be prevented through regular screening and early intervention.
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Colorectal cancer – which is cancer of the colon or rectum – affects men and women. It is the third most common cancer.
The National Cancer Institute estimates that there were 112,340 new cases of colon cancer and 41,420 new cases of rectal cancer in the U.S. in 2007. There were an estimated 52,180 deaths from the two forms of cancer combined. (Military members assigned in the U.S. are included in these numbers).
Colorectal cancer begins as a polyp, a small (noncancerous) growth, in the wall of the colon. Screening can detect precancerous and cancerous growths on the lining of the colon or rectum. Removing the growths can prevent the development of colorectal cancer. But the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says only 50 percent of the recommended population is obtaining screenings. If everyone over 50 had regular screenings, 60 percent of deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented.
Recommended screening
Individuals should discuss the type of screening appropriate for them with their healthcare provider.
For most people, physicians begin screenings at age 50. Those at higher risk for developing colorectal cancer may require earlier testing. The risk of colorectal cancer increases with age – more than 90 percent of people diagnosed are over 50. Research has shown that African-Americans are more frequently diagnosed at a younger age; for that reason, the American College of Gastroenterology suggests they begin screening at age 45.
The incidence of colorectal cancer is higher in men. African-Americans and Hispanics are more likely than Caucasians to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in more advanced stages. Death rates are higher among these populations than in Caucasians.
An individual’s risk for colon cancer is also increased by family history of benign (noncancerous) colorectal polyps; personal or family history of colorectal cancer; and personal or family history of inflammatory bowel disease. Screening should begin earlier in these individuals, too.
Decreasing the risk
The most effective risk reduction tool for colorectal cancer is undergoing routine screening tests. This cancer often develops without any symptoms; it is crucial to have screenings.
Additionally, people can reduce their risk for colorectal cancer by exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting consumption of alcohol and limiting intake of red or processed meats. Refrain from the use of tobacco products.
Screening and preventive measures have proven very effective against colorectal cancer. It can be successfully treated when detected and diagnosed in the early stages.
