The role of Fluoride in tooth decay prevention

1. What is Fluoride?

Fluoride is a mineral found in many foods and water.

When applied to surfaces of the teeth, it strengthens teeth and reduces risk of forming decays.

2. How does Fluoride work?

Sugary foods with bacteria attack the enamel (the outer layer of teeth), which degrade minerals and structure in the enamel, as well as the inner layers of the tooth as it progresses beyond the enamel.

This degradation of teeth structures can be slowed by consuming minerals such as fluoride, calcium, and phosphate in one’s diet.

Fluoride makes enamel more tough to acid attacks, and slows down the process of tooth demineralization.

Fluoride has also been found to reverse early tooth decay.

3. Where can I get Fluoride?

a. Fluoridated water

Fluoride naturally exists in water sources like lakes, rivers, and oceans.

The U.S. discovered the benefits of fluoride in tooth decay prevention in the 1940s. Grand Rapids, Michigan, became the first city in the world to add fluoride to its tap water system in 1945. Today, most states have fluoride in their tap water.

b. Food

Fluoride can also be found in various foods such as:

• Brewed black tea and coffee
• Oatmeal
• Raisins
• Potatoes
• Yogurt
• Mayo

c. Fluoride toothpaste

Another common source of fluoride is toothpaste.

4. What happens if you consume excessive fluoride?

For children who are younger than 8 years old, consuming excessive fluoride can cause enamel defects, called fluorosis. Fluorosis is a condition of enamel defect, which usually appears as tiny white or brown spots on enamel surface. Sometimes, it can appear as pitting on enamel surface.

Toxic dose: ~5mg F/kg

Lethal dose: 15mg F/kg